The Terms used in this Technical Specification that are specific of MPAI-CUI and whose first letter is capital have the meaning defined in Table 1. The general MPAI Terms are defined in Table 10.
Table 1 – MPAI-CUI terms
| Term | Definition |
| Business Discontinuity | An interruption of the operations of a company for a period of time less than 2% of the Prediction Horizon. |
| Company Default | The status of a company who has failed to make full and timely payments on its obligations. |
| Cyber Risk | Risk of financial loss, disruption, or damage, caused by the failure of the digital technologies due to unauthorised access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction of the systems. |
| Financial Features | A set of indexes and ratios computed using financial statement data. |
| Financial Statement | Data produced based on a set of accounting principles driving maintenance and reporting of company accounts so that financial statements can be consistent, transparent, and comparable across companies. |
| Governance Features | A set of indexes/parameters that are used to assess the adequacy of the organisational model. |
| Risk Assessment | Attributes indicating the internal company assessment to identify and measure potential or existing Vertical Risks, and their impact on Business Continuity. |
| Risk Matrix | Table composed of two rows for the risks (cyber and seismic) and four columns for the characteristics (occurrence, business impact, gravity and risk retention) as evaluated by the company. |
| Seismic Risk | The measure of the possible losses associated with the behavior of a building or structure in likely earthquakes [8]. |
| Vertical Risk | A risk that must be understood in a specific context/domain of the business. |
The Terms used in this standard whose first letter is capital and are not already included in Table 1 are defined in Table 2.
Table 2 – MPAI-wide Terms
| Term | Definition |
| Access | Static or slowly changing data that are required by an application such as domain knowledge data, data models, etc. |
| AI Framework (AIF) | The environment where AIWs are executed. |
| AI Module (AIM) | A data processing element receiving AIM-specific Inputs and producing AIM-specific Outputs according to according to its Function. An AIM may be an aggregation of AIMs. |
| AI Workflow (AIW) | A structured aggregation of AIMs implementing a Use Case receiving AIM-specific inputs and producing AIM-specific inputs according to its Function. |
| Application Standard | An MPAI Standard designed to enable a particular application domain. |
| Channel | A connection between an output port of an AIM and an input port of an AIM. The term “connection” is also used as synonymous. |
| Communication | The infrastructure that implements message passing between AIMs |
| Component | One of the 7 AIF elements: Access, Communication, Controller, Internal Storage, Global Storage, MPAI Store, and User Agent |
| Conformance | The attribute of an Implementation of being a correct technical Implementation of a Technical Specification. |
| Conformance Tester | An entity authorised by MPAI to Test the Conformance of an Implementation. |
| Conformance Testing | The normative document specifying the Means to Test the Conformance of an Implementation. |
| Conformance Testing Means | Procedures, tools, data sets and/or data set characteristics to Test the Conformance of an Implementation. |
| Connection | A channel connecting an output port of an AIM and an input port of an AIM. |
| Controller | A Component that manages and controls the AIMs in the AIF, so that they execute in the correct order and at the time when they are needed |
| Data Format | The standard digital representation of data. |
| Data Semantics | The meaning of data. |
| Ecosystem | The ensemble of the following actors: MPAI, MPAI Store, Implementers, Conformance Testers, Performance Testers and Users of MPAI-AIF Implementations as needed to enable an Interoperability Level. |
| Explainability | The ability to trace the output of an Implementation back to the inputs that have produced it. |
| Fairness | The attribute of an Implementation whose extent of applicability can be assessed by making the training set and/or network open to testing for bias and unanticipated results. |
| Function | The operations effected by an AIW or an AIM on input data. |
| Global Storage | A Component to store data shared by AIMs. |
| Internal Storage | A Component to store data of the individual AIMs. |
| Identifier | A name that uniquely identifies an Implementation. |
| Implementation | 1. An embodiment of the MPAI-AIF Technical Specification, or2. An AIW or AIM of a particular Level (1-2-3) conforming with a Use Case of an MPAI Application Standard. |
| Implementer | A legal entity implementing MPAI Technical Specifications. |
| ImplementerID (IID) | A unique name assigned by the ImplementerID Registration Authority to an Implementer. |
| ImplementerID Registration Authority (IIDRA) | The function within the MPAI Store to assign ImplementerID’s to Implementers. |
| Interoperability | The ability to functionally replace an AIM with another AIM having the same Interoperability Level |
| Interoperability Level | The attribute of an AIW and its AIMs to be executable in an AIF Implementation and to:1. Be proprietary (Level 1)
2. Pass the Conformance Testing (Level 2) of an Application Standard 3. `Pass the Performance Testing (Level 3) of an Application Standard. |
| Knowledge Base | Structured and/or unstructured information made accessible to AIMs via MPAI-specified interfaces |
| Message | A sequence of Records transported by Communication through Channels. |
| Normativity | The set of attributes of a technology or a set of technologies specified by the applicable parts of an MPAI standard. |
| Performance | The attribute of an Implementation of being Reliable, Robust, Fair and Replicable. |
| Performance Assessment | The normative document specifying the procedures, the tools, the data sets and/or the data set characteristics to Assess the Grade of Performance of an Implementation. |
| Performance Assessment Means | Procedures, tools, data sets and/or data set characteristics to Assess the Performance of an Implementation. |
| Performance Assessor | An entity authorised by MPAI to Assess the Performance of an Implementation in a given Application domain |
| Profile | A particular subset of the technologies used in MPAI-AIF or an AIW of an Application Standard and, where applicable, the classes, other subsets, options and parameters relevant to that subset. |
| Record | A data structure with a specified structure |
| Reference Model | The AIMs and theirs Connections in an AIW. |
| Reference Software | A technically correct software implementation of a Technical Specification containing source code, or source and compiled code. |
| Reliability | The attribute of an Implementation that performs as specified by the Application Standard, profile and version the Implementation refers to, e.g., within the application scope, stated limitations, and for the period of time specified by the Implementer. |
| Replicability | The attribute of an Implementation whose Performance, as Assessed by a Performance Assessor, can be replicated, within an agreed level, by another Performance Assessor. |
| Robustness | The attribute of an Implementation that copes with data outside of the stated application scope with an estimated degree of confidence. |
| Scope | The domain of applicability of an MPAI Application Standard |
| Service Provider | An entrepreneur who offers an Implementation as a service (e.g., a recommendation service) to Users. |
| Standard | The ensemble of Technical Specification, Reference Software, Conformance Testing and Performance Assessment of an MPAI application Standard. |
| Technical Specification | (Framework) the normative specification of the AIF.(Application) the normative specification of the set of AIWs belonging to an application domain along with the AIMs required to Implement the AIWs that includes:
1. The formats of the Input/Output data of the AIWs implementing the AIWs. 2. The Connections of the AIMs of the AIW. 3. The formats of the Input/Output data of the AIMs belonging to the AIW. |
| Testing Laboratory | A laboratory accredited by MPAI to Assess the Grade of Performance of Implementations. |
| Time Base | The protocol specifying how Components can access timing information |
| Topology | The set of AIM Connections of an AIW. |
| Use Case | A particular instance of the Application domain target of an Application Standard. |
| User | A user of an Implementation. |
| User Agent | The Component interfacing the user with an AIF through the Controller |
| Version | A revision or extension of a Standard or of one of its elements. |
