Terms beginning with a capital letter have the meaning defined in Table 1. Terms beginning with a small letter have the meaning commonly defined for the context in which they are used. For instance, Table 1 defines Licence but does not define licence.

A dash “-” preceding a Term in Table 1 indicates the following readings according to the font:

  1. Normal font: the Term in the table without a dash and preceding the one with a dash should be read before that Term. For example, “Avatar” and “- Model” will yield “Avatar Model.”
  2. Italic font: the Term in the table without a dash and preceding the one with a dash should be read after that Term. For example, “Avatar” and “- Portable” will yield “Portable Avatar.”

Table 1 – General MPAI-AIF terms

Term Definition
Access The process of a User or a Service to perform a data operation or function on the AIH platform.
AI Framework (AIF) The environment where AIWs are executed.
AI Health (AIH) Data Health-related data entering the AIH Platform.
–          Anonymisation A mechanism that protects private or sensitive data by erasing or encrypting identifiers that connect an individual to stored data.
–          De-identification A mechanism that breaks the link between data and the individual with whom the data is initially associated. It is a type of data anonymization.
AI Module (AIM) A processing element receiving AIM-specific Inputs and producing AIM-specific Outputs according to according to its Function. An AIM may be an aggregation of AIMs.
AIH Model An AIM trained model for processing AIH Data.
–          Instance A local End User instance of the AIH model.
AI Workflow (AIW) A structured aggregation of AIMs implementing a Use Case receiving AIW-specific inputs and producing AIW-specific inputs according to its Function.
AIH Platform The ICT platform offering AIH services.
–          Back End The part of the AIH Platform collecting, storing, and processing health data, and carrying out Federated Learning functions on the AI Models from the Front-end.
–          Front-End The end-user devices collecting and processing personal health data and updating the AI Models received from the AIH Platform Back End.
AIH Processing Taxonomy The recognised set of processing that the AIH Platform Back End can execute.
Audit Process that determines if the services are safeguarding licencing and maintaining data integrity and privacy.
Authentication Process of verifying and attesting the identification of a User or a Service.
Blockchain A shared immutable ledger stored on a peer-to-peer network of computers.
End User The holder of an AIH Platform Front-End instance.
External Communication Set of services to communicate to a platform other than the AIH Platform.
External Source A platform other than the AIH Platform from which the AIH Platform Back End may collect subsidiary data for the integration of relevant information for health-related predictions.
Federated Learning System (FLS) The AIW system aggregating the data describing each of the AIH Model Instances for the update of a global Model for AIH system-wide distribution.
Licence Document that creates a bond between a User, their AIH Data, the AIH Platform Back Ends, and any Third-Party User expressed by the conditions that regulate the access to that data.
Provenance A record trail that accounts for the origin of a piece of data (in a database, document, or repository) together with an explanation of how and why it got to the present place
Secure Data Vault A repository that holds several types of data in an encrypted format. Access to the data is controlled by the user through the presentation of appropriate credentials.
Service Software functionality, or a set of software functionalities, such as the retrieval of specified information or the execution of a set of operations.
Smart Contract A Program stored on a Blockchain that runs when activated by an external entity, e.g., a User or another Smart Contract.
Third-Party User An Entity – excluding the AIH System and the End User – accessing the AIH Platform Back End to process some stored AIH data.
Time series Data A collection of data points collected over time (e.g., heartbeats /minute, brain electrical activity, electrocardiogram, etc.).
Token A Data Type, e.g., name, password, biometrics, etc.
User Any entity involved in or accessing the AIH Platform.

 

Table 2 – MPAI-wide definitions

The Terms used in this standard whose first letter is capital and are not already included in Table 1 are defined in Table 2.

Note: To concentrate in one place all the Terms that are composed of a common name followed by other words (e.g., the word Data followed by one of the words Format, Type, or Semantics), the definition given to a Terms preceded by a dash “-” applies to a Term composed by that Term without the dash preceded by the Term that precedes it in the column without a dash.

 Table 2 – MPAI-wide Terms

Term Definition
Access Static or slowly changing data that are required by an application such as domain knowledge data, data models, etc.
AI Framework (AIF) The environment where AIWs are executed.
AI Model (AIM) A data processing element receiving AIM-specific Inputs and producing AIM-specific Outputs according to according to its Function. An AIM may be an aggregation of AIMs.
AI Workflow (AIW) A structured aggregation of AIMs implementing a Use Case receiving AIW-specific inputs and producing AIW-specific outputs according to the AIW Function.
Application Standard An MPAI Standard designed to enable a particular application domain.
Channel A connection between an output port of an AIM and an input port of an AIM. The term “connection” is also used as synonymous.
Communication The infrastructure that implements message passing between AIMs.
Component One of the 7 AIF elements: Access, Communication, Controller, Internal Storage, Global Storage, Store, and User Agent
Composite AIM An AIM aggregating more than one AIM.
Component One of the 7 AIF elements: Access, Communication, Controller, Internal Storage, Global Storage, Store, and User Agent
Conformance The attribute of an Implementation of being a correct technical Implem­entation of a Technical Specification.
–       Testing The normative document specifying the Means to Test the Conformance of an Implem­entation.
–       Testing Means Procedures, tools, data sets and/or data set characteristics to Test the Conformance of an Implem­en­tation.
Connection A channel connecting an output port of an AIM and an input port of an AIM.
Controller A Component that manages and controls the AIMs in the AIF, so that they execute in the correct order and at the time when they are needed
Data Information in digital form.
–       Format The standard digital representation of Data.
–       Type An instance of Data with a specific Data Format.
–       Semantics The meaning of Data.
Descriptor Coded representation of a text, audio, speech, or visual feature.
Digital Representation Data corresponding to and representing a physical entity.
Ecosystem The ensemble of actors making it possible for a User to execute an application composed of an AIF, one or more AIWs, each with one or more AIMs potentially sourced from independent implementers.
Explainability The ability to trace the output of an Implementation back to the inputs that have produced it.
Fairness The attribute of an Implementation whose extent of applicability can be assessed by making the training set and/or network open to testing for bias and unanticipated results.
Function The operations effected by an AIW or an AIM on input data.
Global Storage A Component to store data shared by AIMs.
AIM/AIW Storage A Component to store data of the individual AIMs.
Identifier A name that uniquely identifies an Implementation.
Implementation 1.     An embodiment of the MPAI-AIF Technical Specification, or

2.     An AIW or AIM of a particular Level (1-2-3) conforming with a Use Case of an MPAI Application Standard.
Implementer A legal entity implementing MPAI Technical Specifications.
ImplementerID (IID) A unique name assigned by the ImplementerID Registration Authority to an Implementer.
ImplementerID Registration Authority (IIDRA) The entity appointed by MPAI to assign ImplementerID’s to Implementers.
Instance ID Instance of a class of Objects and the Group of Objects the Instance belongs to.
Interoperability The ability to functionally replace an AIM with another AIW having the same Interoperability Level
–       Level The attribute of an AIW and its AIMs to be executable in an AIF Implementation and to:

1.     Be proprietary (Level 1)

2.     Pass the Conformance Testing (Level 2) of an Application Standard

3.     Pass the Perform­ance Testing (Level 3) of an Application Standard.
Knowledge Base Structured and/or unstructured information made accessible to AIMs via MPAI-specified interfaces
Message A sequence of Records transported by Communication through Channels.
Normativity The set of attributes of a technology or a set of technologies specified by the applicable parts of an MPAI standard.
Performance The attribute of an Implementation of being Reliable, Robust, Fair and Replicable.
–       Assessment The normative document specifying the Means to Assess the Grade of Performance of an Implementation.
–       Assessment Means Procedures, tools, data sets and/or data set characteristics to Assess the Performance of an Implem­en­tation.
–       Assessor An entity Assessing the Performance of an Implementation.
Profile A particular subset of the technologies used in MPAI-AIF or an AIW of an Application Standard and, where applicable, the classes, other subsets, options and parameters relevant to that subset.
Record A data structure with a specified structure
Reference Model The AIMs and theirs Connections in an AIW.
Reference Software A technically correct software implementation of a Technical Specific­ation containing source code, or source and compiled code.
Reliability The attribute of an Implementation that performs as specified by the Application Standard, profile, and version the Implementation refers to, e.g., within the application scope, stated limitations, and for the period of time specified by the Implementer.
Replicability The attribute of an Implementation whose Performance, as Assessed by a Performance Assessor, can be replicated, within an agreed level, by another Performance Assessor.
Robustness The attribute of an Implementation that copes with data outside of the stated application scope with an estimated degree of confidence.
Scope The domain of applicability of an MPAI Application Standard
Service Provider An entrepreneur who offers an Implementation as a service (e.g., a recommendation service) to Users.
Standard A set of Technical Specification, Reference Software, Conformance Testing, Performance Assessment, and Technical Report of an MPAI application Standard.
Technical Specification (Framework) the normative specification of the AIF.

(Application) the normative specification of the set of AIWs belon­ging to an application domain along with the AIMs required to Im­plem­ent the AIWs that includes:

1.     The formats of the Input/Output data of the AIWs implementing the AIWs.

2.     The Connections of the AIMs of the AIW.

3.     The formats of the Input/Output data of the AIMs belonging to the AIW.
Testing Laboratory A laboratory accredited to Assess the Grade of  Performance of Implementations.
Time Base The protocol specifying how Components can access timing information
Topology The set of AIM Connections of an AIW.
Use Case A particular instance of the Application domain target of an Application Standard.
User A user of an Implementation.
User Agent The Component interfacing the user with an AIF through the Controller
Version A revision or extension of a Standard or of one of its elements.
Zero Trust A cybersecurity model primarily focused on data and service protection that assumes no implicit trust.